Offensive Rating Calculator
Calculate basketball offensive rating with player stats. Get ORtg, true shooting percentage, usage rate, and advanced efficiency metrics.
Offensive Rating Calculator
Calculator
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Formula: ORtg = (Points Produced / Possessions Used) x 100
Additional inputs: Minutes Played, Team Possessions, Team Total Minutes.
Worked example — ORtg: 127.1 (Elite) | TS%: 60.6% | Usage: 32.2% | Outstanding efficiency at high usage
Formula
ORtg = (Points Produced / Possessions Used) x 100
Offensive rating estimates how many points a player generates per 100 possessions used. Possessions used equals field goal attempts plus 0.44 times free throw attempts plus turnovers minus offensive rebounds. Points produced includes field goals, free throws, and assist contributions.
Worked Examples
Example 1: Star Point Guard Performance
Problem:A point guard plays 34 minutes and records: 25 points, 10/18 FG, 5/6 FT, 2 ORB, 5 assists, 3 turnovers. Team has 95 possessions in 240 total minutes.
Solution:Player possessions = 18 + 0.44(6) + 3 - 2 = 21.64 Points produced = 10(2) + 5 + 5(0.5) = 27.5 Offensive rating = (27.5 / 21.64) x 100 = 127.1 True shooting: TSA = 18 + 0.44(6) = 20.64, TS% = 25 / (2 x 20.64) = 60.6% Usage rate = (21.64 x 48) / (34 x 95) x 100 = 32.2%
Result:ORtg: 127.1 (Elite) | TS%: 60.6% | Usage: 32.2% | Outstanding efficiency at high usage
Example 2: Role Player Evaluation
Problem:A role player plays 22 minutes: 8 points, 3/6 FG, 2/2 FT, 1 ORB, 1 assist, 1 turnover. Team: 100 possessions, 240 minutes.
Solution:Player possessions = 6 + 0.44(2) + 1 - 1 = 6.88 Points produced = 3(2) + 2 + 1(0.5) = 8.5 Offensive rating = (8.5 / 6.88) x 100 = 123.5 True shooting: TSA = 6 + 0.44(2) = 6.88, TS% = 8 / (2 x 6.88) = 58.1% Usage rate = (6.88 x 48) / (22 x 100) x 100 = 15.0%
Result:ORtg: 123.5 (Excellent) | TS%: 58.1% | Usage: 15.0% | Efficient in limited role
Frequently Asked Questions
What is offensive rating in basketball and how is it calculated?
Offensive rating (ORtg) is an advanced basketball statistic that estimates the number of points a player or team produces per 100 possessions. For teams, it is simply calculated as (points scored / possessions) times 100. For individual players, the calculation is more complex, originally developed by Dean Oliver in his book Basketball on Paper. It considers field goals made, free throws made, assists, turnovers, offensive rebounds, and various team factors. The formula estimates how many points a player produces through their own shooting and their assists, then divides by the possessions they used. An average NBA offensive rating is around 105 to 110 points per 100 possessions. Top players like elite scorers and playmakers routinely exceed 115 to 120 offensive rating.
What is a good offensive rating in the NBA?
NBA offensive ratings have trended upward over time with rule changes favoring offense. In the modern NBA, an average team offensive rating is about 110 to 112 points per 100 possessions. Top-tier offenses rate above 115, while the best offenses in history have exceeded 118. For individual players, ratings above 115 are considered very good, above 120 are excellent, and above 125 are elite. However, individual offensive rating must be considered alongside usage rate. A player who rarely touches the ball might have a high offensive rating but low impact. Players like Stephen Curry, Nikola Jokic, and Kevin Durant consistently post offensive ratings above 120 due to their exceptional scoring efficiency and playmaking. Role players who take mostly open shots can also have high ratings despite lower overall impact.
What is true shooting percentage and why is it important?
True shooting percentage (TS%) is considered the best single measure of scoring efficiency because it accounts for all types of scoring: two-point field goals, three-point field goals, and free throws. The formula is TS% = Points / (2 x True Shooting Attempts), where True Shooting Attempts = FGA + 0.44 x FTA. The 0.44 multiplier estimates the actual possessions used by free throw attempts, accounting for and-one situations, technical foul shots, and other scenarios where free throws do not use a full possession. The average NBA true shooting percentage is about 57 to 58 percent. Elite scorers like Stephen Curry regularly exceed 62 percent. True shooting is far superior to basic field goal percentage because it properly values three-pointers (which are worth more per attempt) and accounts for foul-drawing ability.
How does usage rate relate to offensive rating?
Usage rate estimates the percentage of team possessions a player uses while on the court, through shot attempts, free throw attempts, or turnovers. The formula is Usage Rate = (FGA + 0.44 x FTA + TOV) x (Team Minutes / 5) / (Minutes Played x Team Possessions) x 100. Average usage is about 20 percent since five players share the court equally. Star players typically have usage rates of 25 to 35 percent. Usage and offensive rating have an important inverse relationship. As usage increases, maintaining a high offensive rating becomes exponentially harder because a player faces more difficult shots, tighter defense, and must create more for themselves. A player with 120 offensive rating at 30 percent usage is far more valuable than one with 120 at 15 percent usage. This tradeoff is a crucial insight for evaluating players.
What is the difference between offensive rating and points per game?
Points per game is a raw counting stat that does not account for pace, efficiency, or playing time, making it misleading for comparisons. A player averaging 20 points on a fast-paced team using many possessions is less efficient than one averaging 20 points on a slower team. Offensive rating normalizes production to per-100-possession terms, removing pace as a variable. It also incorporates efficiency by accounting for missed shots (which use possessions without scoring) and turnovers (which waste possessions entirely). A player scoring 15 points per game with high efficiency might have a better offensive rating than a 25-point scorer with poor shot selection and turnovers. Offensive rating better predicts team success and is the preferred measure for advanced analysis, though it does have limitations with sample size and lineup context.
Why are offensive rebounds subtracted when counting possessions used?
A possession ends when the ball changes hands, not when a shot goes up. Grabbing your own miss keeps the same possession alive, so the follow-up attempt would otherwise be double counted as a second possession. Subtracting offensive rebounds in FGA + 0.44 x FTA + TOV - ORB corrects for that, which is why an offensive rebounder can post a strong rating: he creates extra scoring chances without consuming extra possessions. A big man who cleans the glass therefore shows a smaller possession total than his shot count suggests.
What is floor percentage and how does it differ from offensive rating?
Floor percentage, another Dean Oliver construct, asks how often a player's possessions end with at least one point scored. It is a frequency, ignoring whether the trip produced one point or three. Offensive rating asks how many points those possessions yielded per hundred. A high-volume three-point shooter can have a mediocre floor percentage and an excellent offensive rating because his makes are worth more, while a slasher who converts often but scores in twos shows the reverse pattern.
Why do assists count toward points produced instead of points scored?
Points scored credits only the finisher, but the pass that created an open layup did real offensive work. Points produced splits that credit, giving the passer a share of the basket he set up while the shooter keeps the rest. Offensive Rating Calculator applies a flat half point per assist as an approximation; Oliver's full method weights the credit by the scoring value of the shots a player actually assisted. Either way, the effect is to keep pass-first guards from looking unproductive next to high-volume scorers.
When are per-36-minute numbers useful and when do they mislead?
Per-36 scaling multiplies a player's totals by 36 divided by minutes played, putting a bench player and a starter on a common footing for rate of production. It works well for comparing similar roles. It breaks down when the minutes are few, because extrapolating an eight-minute burst to a starter's workload assumes the same efficiency against starters, in longer stretches, with defenses game-planning for him. Treat per-36 as a description of tempo of production, never as a projection of what a bigger role would deliver.
What does the assist-to-turnover ratio actually tell you?
It divides assists by turnovers, summarising how much creation a player generates for each possession he gives away. Lead guards are generally expected to clear 2.0, while wings and bigs handling the ball less can look strong at lower marks. The catch is that the ratio rewards passivity: a player who never attempts a risky pass posts a clean number while creating nothing. Read it next to usage rate and assist volume so that safe, low-value passing is not mistaken for elite playmaking.
References
Reviewed for accuracy by Sher, Sports Science & Nutrition Specialist · Editorial policy
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